Optimal Estimation of Under-Frequency Load Shedding Scheme Parameters by Considering Virtual Inertia Injection

Santiago Bustamante-Mesa, Jorge W. Gonzalez-Sanchez, Sergio D. Saldarriaga-Zuluaga, Jesús M. López-Lezama () and Nicolás Muñoz-Galeano
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Santiago Bustamante-Mesa: Departamento de Eléctrica, Facultad de Ingenieria, Institución Universitaria Pascual Bravo, Calle 73 No. 73A-226, Medellín 050036, Colombia
Jorge W. Gonzalez-Sanchez: Grupo de Investigación Transmisión y Distribución de Energía Eléctrica (TyD), Universidad Pontificia Bolivariana, Medellín 050031, Colombia
Sergio D. Saldarriaga-Zuluaga: Departamento de Eléctrica, Facultad de Ingenieria, Institución Universitaria Pascual Bravo, Calle 73 No. 73A-226, Medellín 050036, Colombia
Jesús M. López-Lezama: Research Group on Efficient Energy Management (GIMEL), Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia
Nicolás Muñoz-Galeano: Research Group on Efficient Energy Management (GIMEL), Department of Electrical Engineering, Universidad de Antioquia (UdeA), Calle 70 No. 52-21, Medellín 050010, Colombia

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 2, 1-20

Abstract: Under-frequency load shedding (UFLS) schemes are the latest safety measures applied for safeguarding the integrity of the grid against abrupt frequency imbalances. The overall inertia of electrical power systems is expected to decrease with an increased penetration of renewable energy as well as elements connected through power electronic interfaces. However, voltage source converter-based high voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC) links can provide virtual inertia through a control loop that allows for a reaction to occur at certain frequency fluctuations. This paper evaluates a UFLS scheme that considers the injection of virtual inertia through a VSC-HVDC link. A genetic algorithm (GA) is used to determine the location of the UFLS relays, the activation threshold of each stage, the delay time and the percentage of load shedding at each stage. It was found that the virtual inertia causes the nadir to delay and sometimes reach a greater depth. Furthermore, the implemented GA approximates the frequency response to the limits set with the constraints, reducing the load shedding but achieving a steeper nadir and a lower steady-state frequency level than traditional UFLS. The simulations were performed using the IEEE 39-bus test system.

Keywords: inertia; virtual power plants; genetic algorithms; VSC-HVDC; UFLS (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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