Geothermal Solutions for Urban Energy Challenges: A Focus on CO 2 Plume Geothermal Systems

George Antoneas and Irene Koronaki ()
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George Antoneas: Laboratory of Applied Thermodynamics, School of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 157 80 Athens, Greece
Irene Koronaki: Laboratory of Applied Thermodynamics, School of Mechanical Engineering, National Technical University of Athens, 157 80 Athens, Greece

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 2, 1-27

Abstract: The utilization of geological formations, distinguished by natural porosity and permeability and protected by low-permeability caprock, has emerged as an effective strategy for carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) storage. This method significantly contributes to mitigating anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions and addressing the challenges of climate change. Recent research has unveiled the potential of CO 2 to enhance geothermal heat energy extraction in geothermal reservoirs by acting as a subsurface heat exchange fluid. This review paper explores the viability of CO 2 in augmenting geothermal heat energy extraction, comparing it to conventional water-based geothermal systems. Special emphasis is placed on CO 2 plume geothermal (CPG) systems, characterized by rapid deployment and long-term utilization of geothermal energy resources. With the overarching objective of establishing net-zero energy communities, the analysis of such systems offers a comprehensive understanding of their features, providing a fresh perspective on extracted energy within the context of energy supply in integrated, sustainable energy in built systems. Notably, these systems demonstrate efficacy in meeting the power requirements of an energy community, spanning both distinct heating and electricity needs. However, the key challenge lies in selecting suitable locations. This scientific review aims to comprehend the characteristics of CPG under specific temperature and pressure conditions while optimizing subsurface permeability. This insight is pivotal for identifying future locations for CPG operations with the intent of powering small energy communities.

Keywords: CO 2 storage; geothermal heat energy; CO 2 plume geothermal (CPG) systems; subsurface heat exchange; net-zero energy communities; sustainability (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (3)

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