Evaluation of Nitrogen Oxide (NO) and Particulate Matter (PM) Emissions from Waste Biodiesel Combustion

Jacek Wasilewski, Paweł Krzaczek, Joanna Szyszlak-Bargłowicz (), Grzegorz Zając, Adam Koniuszy, Małgorzata Hawrot-Paw and Weronika Marcinkowska
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Jacek Wasilewski: Department of Power Engineering and Transportation, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
Paweł Krzaczek: Department of Power Engineering and Transportation, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
Joanna Szyszlak-Bargłowicz: Department of Power Engineering and Transportation, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
Grzegorz Zając: Department of Power Engineering and Transportation, Faculty of Production Engineering, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Głęboka 28, 20-612 Lublin, Poland
Adam Koniuszy: Department of Renewable Energy Sources Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Papieza Pawla VI 1, 71-459 Szczecin, Poland
Małgorzata Hawrot-Paw: Department of Renewable Energy Sources Engineering, West Pomeranian University of Technology, Papieza Pawla VI 1, 71-459 Szczecin, Poland
Weronika Marcinkowska: Department of Food Technology and Nutrition, Wroclaw University of Economics and Business, Komandorska 118/120, 53-345 Wrocław, Poland

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 2, 1-16

Abstract: The results of an experimental study of nitrogen oxide (NO) and particulate matter (PM) concentrations in the exhaust gas of a compression-ignition engine used in agricultural tractors and other commercial vehicles are presented. The engine was fueled with second-generation biodiesel obtained from used frying oils (classified as waste) and first-generation biodiesel produced from rapeseed oil as well as, comparatively, diesel fuel. Tests were conducted on a dynamometer bench at a variable load and a variable engine speed. The levels of PM and NO emissions in the exhaust gas were determined. The study showed significant environmental benefits of using first- and second-generation biodiesel to power the engine due to the level of PM emissions. The PM content, when burning ester biofuel compared to diesel fuel, was reduced by 45–70% on average under the speed and load conditions implemented. As for the concentration of nitrogen oxide in the exhaust gas, no clear trend of change was shown for the biodiesel in relation to the diesel fuel. The level of NO emissions in the range of full-power characteristics was found to be lower for both tested biofuels compared to diesel fuel at lower engine speeds by an average of 7–8%, while in the range of a higher rotation speed, the NO content in the exhaust gases was higher for the tested biofuels compared to diesel oil by an average of 4–5%. The realized engine performance tests, moreover, showed an unfavorable effect of the biodiesel on the engine energy parameters. In the case of biofuels, this was by more than 4% compared to diesel fuel.

Keywords: PM; NO emissions; 1st and 2nd generation biodiesel; full load characteristic; heavy duty diesel engine; partial load characteristic of engine (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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