A Comprehensive Review of the Establishment of Safety Zones and Quantitative Risk Analysis during Ship-to-Ship LNG Bunkering

Phan Anh Duong, Bo Rim Ryu, Jinwon Jung () and Hokeun Kang ()
Additional contact information
Phan Anh Duong: Department of Marine System Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727, Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
Bo Rim Ryu: Department of Marine System Engineering, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727, Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea
Jinwon Jung: Gas Technology Team, Busan Mieum Headquarters, Korea Marine Equipment Research Institute, Busan 49111, Republic of Korea
Hokeun Kang: Division of Coast Guard Studies, Korea Maritime and Ocean University, 727, Taejong-ro, Yeongdo-gu, Busan 49112, Republic of Korea

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 2, 1-30

Abstract: This study comprehensively reviews the current academic literature concerning the safety and risk assessment associated with the utilization of liquefied natural gas (LNG) in ship-to-ship bunkering scenarios. Simultaneously, it explores the complex system of regulations, standards, and guidelines that oversee the thorough evaluation of risks linked to ship-to-ship LNG bunkering procedures. Special attention is given to the scrutiny of legal frameworks that encompass a range of safety considerations, such as storage facilities, transportation, bunkering processes, and the vessels involved in both bunkering and receiving. The research questions are formulated to provide a clear direction and objectives for this study’s journey. The main hazards and risks related to LNG bunkering are identified and analyzed. The legal framework for LNG bunkering risk assessment is analyzed, and opportunities for improvement in these legal documents are identified. The general methodology and procedure for the safety assessment of the LNG bunkering process are summarized and established. From an extensive compilation of scholarly articles, 210 high-quality research papers have been deliberately selected for thorough examination. The research gaps are identified and analyzed. Through this analysis, the highlighted studies and key points are mentioned and analyzed. The research gaps are also outlined to predict the future directions of research on establishing safety zones during LNG ship-to-ship bunkering. Recommendations are made to propose improvements to the legal documents and suggest further research on the establishment of safety zones during ship-to-ship LNG bunkering to relevant authorities.

Keywords: LNG; FGSS; marine vessels; risk assessment; safety zone; ship-to-ship bunkering (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/2/512/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/2/512/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:2:p:512-:d:1323017

Access Statistics for this article

Energies is currently edited by Ms. Agatha Cao

More articles in Energies from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().