Multi-Criteria Study on Ground Source Heat Pump with Different Types of Heat Exchangers

Agnieszka Żelazna, Justyna Gołębiowska () and Dmytro Kosaryha
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Agnieszka Żelazna: Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 40 B Str., 20-618 Lublin, Poland
Justyna Gołębiowska: Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 40 B Str., 20-618 Lublin, Poland
Dmytro Kosaryha: Faculty of Environmental Engineering, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 40 B Str., 20-618 Lublin, Poland

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 3, 1-16

Abstract: Heat pumps are currently one of the most frequently applied heat sources in residential buildings. Ground source heat pumps are more reliable than air source heat pumps in terms of energy efficiency, especially in colder climates. However, they are more expensive and involve increased material inputs; therefore, multi-criteria analyses taking into account environmental and economic aspects seem necessary for the green design of these systems. The aim of this work was to analyze the environmental and economic impacts of the ground source heat pump providing heating for a family house located in eastern Poland, cooperating with three types of ground heat exchangers (each in two sizing options): helix, vertical and horizontal. The multi-criteria analysis was based on the life cycle assessment methodology using IMPACT 2002+ and life cycle costs methods. The lowest environmental impact was reported for the variants with vertical ground heat exchangers, mainly due to their high efficiency in the operation stage. On the other hand, the lowest economic impact was observed for the horizontal heat exchangers, which are not demanding in terms of material and construction costs. Final recommendations based on multi-criteria analysis propose the vertical probes as a sustainable solution, with a weighted sum indicator in the range 0.085–0.297 on 0–1 scale.

Keywords: heat pumps; life cycle assessment; economic efficiency; environmental efficiency (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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