Mitigating Cyber Anomalies in Virtual Power Plants Using Artificial-Neural-Network-Based Secondary Control with a Federated Learning-Trust Adaptation

Seyed Iman Taheri, Mohammadreza Davoodi and Mohd Hasan Ali ()
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Seyed Iman Taheri: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
Mohammadreza Davoodi: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA
Mohd Hasan Ali: Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152, USA

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 3, 1-15

Abstract: Virtual power plants (VPPs) are susceptible to cyber anomalies due to their extensive communication layer. FL-trust, an improved federated learning (FL) approach, has been recently introduced as a mitigation system for cyber-attacks. However, current FL-trust enhancements, relying solely on proportional-integral (PI), exhibit drawbacks like sensitivity to controller gain fluctuations and a slow response to sudden disturbances, and conventional FL-trust is not directly applicable to the non-independent and identically distributed (non-IID) datasets common in VPPs. To address these limitations, we introduce an artificial neural network (ANN)-based technique to adapt FL-trust to non-IID datasets. The ANN is designed as an intelligent anomaly mitigation control method, employing a dynamic recurrent neural network with exogenous inputs. We consider the effects of the most common VPP attacks, poisoning attacks, on the distributed cooperative controller at the secondary control level. The ANN is trained offline and tested online in the simulated VPP. Using MATLAB simulations on a HOMER-modeled VPP, the proposed technique demonstrates its superior ability to sustain normal VPP operation amidst cyber anomalies, outperforming a PI-based mitigation system in accuracy and detection speed.

Keywords: virtual power plant; federated learning; optimization algorithm; power system; distributed generation; artificial neural network (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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