Calibration Techniques for Water Content Measurements in Solid Biofuels

Henrik Kjeldsen (), Peter Friis Østergaard, Helena Strauss, Jan Nielsen, Bayan Tallawi, Eric Georgin, Pierre Sabouroux, Jan G. Nielsen and Jens Ole Hougaard
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Henrik Kjeldsen: Danish Technological Institute (DTI), 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
Peter Friis Østergaard: Danish Technological Institute (DTI), 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
Helena Strauss: Danish Technological Institute (DTI), 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
Jan Nielsen: Danish Technological Institute (DTI), 8000 Aarhus C, Denmark
Bayan Tallawi: LNE-CETIAT, 69603 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
Eric Georgin: LNE-CETIAT, 69603 Villeurbanne Cedex, France
Pierre Sabouroux: Aix Marseille Univ, CNRS, Centrale Med, Institut Fresnel, 13397 Marseille, France
Jan G. Nielsen: VERDO CHP Plant, 8930 Randers, Denmark
Jens Ole Hougaard: VERDO CHP Plant, 8930 Randers, Denmark

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 3, 1-19

Abstract: This paper presents methodologies and equipment for SI-traceable inline measurements of water content (a critical quality parameter) in solid biofuels. Inline measurement systems for water content are commonly used at CHP plants, providing continuous real-time data. However, the accuracy of these systems is in most cases unsatisfactory, mainly because the systems are not calibrated representatively for the relevant material, and until now, calibrations traceable to the SI system have not been available. To provide reliable and accurate inline water content data, new procedures and equipment for calibrating measurement systems were developed. Two reference methods for the determination of water content were developed; one measures the airflow and dewpoint of desorbed water in the air passing a test sample, while the other uses a P 2 O₅-sensor. Additionally, a transfer standard based on a cavity resonance sensor was developed for fast onsite calibration of the inline sensor at the power plant. This new instrument allows for quick and accurate measurements. The transfer standard is made metrologically traceable to the primary measurement standards. The entire system was demonstrated by calibrating an inline microwave-based (MW) sensor at the CHP plant of VERDO in Randers, Denmark. Thus, a complete metrological traceability chain was established from an industrial to a primary standard.

Keywords: biofuel; woodchips; water content; metrology; calibration; traceability; CHP plant (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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