A Comprehensive Review on Condition Monitoring and Fault Diagnosis in Fuel Cell Systems: Challenges and Issues

Pedro Andrade (), Khaled Laadjal (), Adérito Neto Alcaso and Antonio J. Marques Cardoso
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Pedro Andrade: CISE-Electromechatronic Systems Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Calçada Fonte do Lameiro, P-6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
Khaled Laadjal: CISE-Electromechatronic Systems Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Calçada Fonte do Lameiro, P-6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
Adérito Neto Alcaso: CISE-Electromechatronic Systems Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Calçada Fonte do Lameiro, P-6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal
Antonio J. Marques Cardoso: CISE-Electromechatronic Systems Research Centre, University of Beira Interior, Calçada Fonte do Lameiro, P-6201-001 Covilhã, Portugal

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 3, 1-45

Abstract: The complexity of Fuel Cell (FC) systems demands a profound and sustained understanding of the various phenomena occurring inside of it. Thus far, FCs, especially Proton Exchange Membrane Fuel Cells (PEMFCs), have been recognized as being among the most promising technologies for reducing Green House Gas (GHG) emissions because they can convert the chemical energy bonded to hydrogen and oxygen into electricity and heat. However, their efficiency remains limited. To enhance their efficiency, two distinct factors are suggested. First, the quality of materials plays a significant role in the development of more robust and efficient FCs. Second, the ability to identify, mitigate, and reduce the occurrence of faults through the use of robust control algorithms is crucial. Therefore, more focused on the second point, this paper compiles, distinguishes, and analyzes several publications from the past 25 years related to faults and their diagnostic techniques in FCs. Furthermore, the paper presents various schemes outlining different symptoms, their causes, and corresponding fault algorithms.

Keywords: fuel cell system; proton exchange membrane; open-cathode fuel cells; fault identification; fault mitigation; robust control algorithms; robust and efficient fuel cells; condition monitoring; efficiency; diagnostic technique (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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