A Two-Layer Control Strategy for the Participation of Energy Storage Battery Systems in Grid Frequency Regulation

Pan Zhang, Shijin Xin, Yunwen Wang, Qing Xu, Chunsheng Chen, Wei Chen and Haiying Dong ()
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Pan Zhang: State Grid Baiyin Power Supply Company, State Grid Gansu Power Company, Baiyin 730900, China
Shijin Xin: State Grid Baiyin Power Supply Company, State Grid Gansu Power Company, Baiyin 730900, China
Yunwen Wang: State Grid Baiyin Power Supply Company, State Grid Gansu Power Company, Baiyin 730900, China
Qing Xu: State Grid Baiyin Power Supply Company, State Grid Gansu Power Company, Baiyin 730900, China
Chunsheng Chen: State Grid Baiyin Pearl Power (Group) Co., Baiyin 730900, China
Wei Chen: School of New Energy and Power Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China
Haiying Dong: School of New Energy and Power Engineering, Lanzhou Jiaotong University, Lanzhou 730070, China

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 3, 1-20

Abstract: A two-layer control strategy for the participation of multiple battery energy storage systems in the secondary frequency regulation of the grid is proposed to address the frequency fluctuation problem caused by the power dynamic imbalance between the power system and load when a large number of new energy sources are connected to the grid. A comprehensive allocation model based on area regulation requirement (ARR) signals and area control error (ACE) signals is proposed to obtain the total output of the secondary frequency modulation (FM) demand with a higher degree of adaptation when the FM units respond to the automatic generation control command, and the total output is reasonably allocated to each FM unit by using the two-layer control. Considering the dynamic fluctuation of the grid frequency, the fluctuation is dynamically suppressed in real-time by applying model predictive control to successfully forecast the frequency deviation while realizing the deviation-free correction in the frequency dynamic correction layer. The optimal power distribution of FM units based on the distributed control concept, as well as the power depth of each unit, are coordinated in the equalization control layer while keeping a decent battery charge level. Finally, in Matlab/Simulink, the proposed control approach is simulated and validated. The findings show that the suggested control approach can suppress frequency difference fluctuation, keep the battery charged, and reduce the unit’s FM loss.

Keywords: battery energy storage; secondary FM; signal distribution mode; charge state; double layer control (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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