Considerations on Combining Unfolding Inverters with Partial Power Regulators in Battery–Grid Interface Converters

Ilya A. Galkin (), Rodions Saltanovs, Alexander Bubovich, Andrei Blinov and Dimosthenis Peftitsis
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Ilya A. Galkin: Faculty of Electrical and Environmental Engineering, Riga Technical University, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
Rodions Saltanovs: Faculty of Electrical and Environmental Engineering, Riga Technical University, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
Alexander Bubovich: Faculty of Electrical and Environmental Engineering, Riga Technical University, LV-1048 Riga, Latvia
Andrei Blinov: Department of Electrical Power Engineering and Mechatronics, Tallinn University of Technology, 19086 Tallinn, Estonia
Dimosthenis Peftitsis: Department of Electric Energy, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7034 Trondheim, Norway

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 4, 1-24

Abstract: The application of electrochemical cells as a source unit of electrical energy is rapidly growing—used in electric vehicles and other electric mobility devices, as well as in energy supply systems—as energy storage, often together with renewable energy sources. The key element of such systems is the power electronic converter used for DC energy storage and AC grid interfacing. It should be bidirectional to charge and discharge the battery when it is necessary. Two-stage battery interface converters are the most common; their DC-DC stage controls the battery current and adjusts voltage, but the DC-AC stage (inverter or frontend) controls the current in the grid. The use of unfolding inverters in two-stage battery interfaces can have some advantages. In this case, the DC-DC converter produces half-sinewave pulsating voltages and currents, but the unfolding circuit changes the polarity of the voltages and currents and produces no switching losses. Another trend of modern power electronics is the principle of partial power processing. In this case, power electronic converters deal only with a part of the total power; therefore, losses in such converters are reduced. This paper considers combining unfolding frontends with partial power DC-DC converters that enable the further reduction in losses. In this paper, it is shown that such implementation of the partial power conversion principle in semi-DC-AC systems is really possible based on the real-time matching of the voltage of the partial-power DC-DC converter, battery voltage (which depends on its state of charge) and the rectified instantaneous voltage of the AC grid.

Keywords: battery energy storage systems; electric vehicles; battery chargers; AC-DC power converters; DC-AC power converters; inverters (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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