A Comprehensive Review on Space Vector Based-PWM Techniques for Common Mode Voltage Mitigation in Photovoltaic Multi-Level Inverters

Zouhaira Ben Mahmoud () and Adel Khedher
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Zouhaira Ben Mahmoud: LATIS—Laboratory of Advanced Technology and Intelligent Systems, Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Sousse, Université de Sousse, Sousse 4023, Tunisia
Adel Khedher: LATIS—Laboratory of Advanced Technology and Intelligent Systems, Ecole Nationale d’Ingénieurs de Sousse, Université de Sousse, Sousse 4023, Tunisia

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 4, 1-33

Abstract: Nowadays, transformer-less photovoltaic (PV) multi-level inverters (MLIs) are commonly employed in both industrial and residential settings. This structure has attracted increased attention due to its unique advantages, such as higher efficiency, lower cost and size, better waveform quality, and inherent fault tolerance. However, due to the removal of the transformer, the common mode voltage (CMV) becomes one of the crucial issues in transformer-less PV MLIs. The high-frequency variation in CMV results in a leakage current that deteriorates the line current quality, increases the PV power system losses, leads to severe electromagnetic emissions (EMI), reduces the PV array lifespan, and causes personal safety problems. In this regard, this paper presents a review of the existing and recent research on modulation techniques based on space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWMs) that overcome this issue in transformer-less three-level NPC-MLIs (3L-NPC-MLIs). The reduced CMV-SVPWM (RCMV-SVPWM) can be mainly categorized as an RCMV-SVPWM based on the vector type, based on virtual vectors, and based on the two-level SVPWM (2L-SVPWM). Their features and their limitations in terms of several main criteria are discussed. In the final section of this paper, some challenges and future trends for this research area are projected.

Keywords: photovoltaic inverters; multi-level inverters; space vector modulation; common mode voltage; leakage current (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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