Battery Storage Use in the Value Chain of Power Systems

Mukovhe Ratshitanga, Ayokunle Ayeleso (), Senthil Krishnamurthy, Garrett Rose (), Anges Akim Aminou Moussavou and Marco Adonis
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Mukovhe Ratshitanga: Department of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
Ayokunle Ayeleso: Department of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
Senthil Krishnamurthy: Department of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
Garrett Rose: Department of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
Anges Akim Aminou Moussavou: Department of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town 7535, South Africa
Marco Adonis: Department of Electrical, Electronics and Computer Engineering, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cape Town 7535, South Africa

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 4, 1-40

Abstract: In recent years, energy challenges such as grid congestion and imbalances have emerged from conventional electric grids. Furthermore, the unpredictable nature of these systems poses many challenges in meeting various users’ demands. The Battery Energy Storage System is a potential key for grid instability with improved power quality. The present study investigates the global trend towards integrating battery technology as an energy storage system with renewable energy production and utility grid systems. An extensive review of battery systems such as Lithium-Ion, Lead–Acid, Zinc–Bromide, Nickel–Cadmium, Sodium–Sulphur, and the Vanadium redox flow battery is conducted. Furthermore, a comparative analysis of their working principles, control strategies, optimizations, and technical characteristics is presented. The review findings show that Lead–Acid, Lithium-Ion, Sodium-based, and flow redox batteries have seen increased breakthroughs in the energy storage market. Furthermore, the use of the BESS as an ancillary service and control technique enhances the performance of microgrids and utility grid systems. These control techniques provide potential solutions such as peak load shaving, the smoothing of photovoltaic ramp rates, voltage fluctuation reduction, a large grid, power supply backup, microgrids, renewable energy sources time shift, spinning reserve for industrial consumers, and frequency regulation. Conclusively, a cost summary of the various battery technologies is presented.

Keywords: ancillary services; control techniques; energy storage; flow battery; Lithium-Ion battery; microgrid; power system; power quality; renewable energy (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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