Quantum Computing as a Game Changer on the Path towards a Net-Zero Economy: A Review of the Main Challenges in the Energy Domain

Michela Ricciardi Celsi and Lorenzo Ricciardi Celsi ()
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Michela Ricciardi Celsi: Independent Researcher, 00158 Rome, Italy
Lorenzo Ricciardi Celsi: Department of Computer, Control and Management Engineering ‘Antonio Ruberti’, Sapienza Università di Roma, 00158 Rome, Italy

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 5, 1-22

Abstract: The aim of this paper is to report on the state of the art of the literature on the most recent challenges in the energy domain that can be addressed through the use of quantum computing technology. More in detail, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, the scope of the literature review considered in this paper is specifically limited to forecasting, grid management (namely, scheduling, dispatching, stability, and reliability), battery production, solar cell production, green hydrogen and ammonia production, and carbon capture. These challenges have been identified as the most relevant business needs currently expressed by energy companies on their path towards a net-zero economy. A critical discussion of the most relevant methodological approaches and experimental setups is provided, together with an overview of future research directions. Overall, the key finding of the paper, based on the proposed literature review, is twofold: namely, (1) quantum computing has the potential to trigger significant transformation in the energy domain by drastically reducing CO 2 emissions, especially those relative to battery production, solar cell production, green hydrogen and ammonia production, as well as point-source and direct-air carbon capture technology; and (2) quantum computing offers enhanced optimization capability relative to relevant challenges that concern forecasting solar and wind resources, as well as managing power demand, facility allocation, and ensuring reliability and stability in power grids.

Keywords: quantum computing; net-zero economy; forecasting; grid management; stability and resilience; battery production; solar cells; green hydrogen; green ammonia; carbon capture (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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