Evaluating the Impact of Using HEFA Fuel on the Particulate Matter Emissions from a Turbine Engine

Remigiusz Jasiński () and Radosław Przysowa
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Remigiusz Jasiński: Faculty of Civil and Transport Engineering, Poznan University of Technology, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
Radosław Przysowa: Air Force Institute of Technology, 01-494 Warsaw, Poland

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 5, 1-11

Abstract: The dynamically growing sustainable aviation fuel (SAF) industry and the implemented European policy create the need for conducting research on the actual benefits of using alternative fuels in aviation. The aim of this research was to assess the impact of HEFA (hydroprocessed esters and fatty acids) fuel on the particulate matter emission indicators of an aircraft engine. This article presents the results of the measurements of particle emissions from a jet engine fueled by a blend of aviation kerosene and HEFA fuel (with HEFA content at 5%, 20%, and 30% by volume). A positive effect of HEFA on both the number and mass indices of particles was observed. The use of SAF fuel led to a reduction in the particulate number index by 90% and the particulate mass index by 75%. The Particle Number Emission Index (EI N ) for an engine fueled with Jet A-1 exhibited values ranging from 5.23 × 10 16 to 1.33 × 10 17 particles per kilogram. The use of HEFA fuel (30% content) allowed for a reduction in the EI N to the range of 2.83 × 10 15 to 1.04 × 10 16 particles per kilogram. A detailed analysis of particle size distribution (PSD) for both the number and volume of particles was conducted. It was noted that neither the fuel composition nor the engine operating parameters significantly affected the shape of the PSD, but the use of HEFA fuel distinctly reduced the values of the number-based PSD. It was observed that the volume-based PSD had a bimodal shape, indicating a significant contribution of particles larger than 100 nm, forming the so-called soot mode. Our findings suggest that even a small amount of HEFA fuel yields satisfactory results in reducing particulate matter emissions.

Keywords: HEFA; SAF; emission; particles; particulate matter (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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