Combining Gasoline Compression Ignition and Powertrain Hybridization for Long-Haul Applications

Rafael Lago Sari (), Yu Zhang, Brock Merritt, Praveen Kumar and Ashish Shah
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Rafael Lago Sari: Aramco Americas: Aramco Research Center—Detroit, 46535 Peary Ct, Novi, MI 48377, USA
Yu Zhang: Aramco Americas: Aramco Research Center—Detroit, 46535 Peary Ct, Novi, MI 48377, USA
Brock Merritt: Aramco Americas: Aramco Research Center—Detroit, 46535 Peary Ct, Novi, MI 48377, USA
Praveen Kumar: Aramco Americas: Aramco Research Center—Detroit, 46535 Peary Ct, Novi, MI 48377, USA
Ashish Shah: Aramco Americas: Aramco Research Center—Detroit, 46535 Peary Ct, Novi, MI 48377, USA

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 5, 1-19

Abstract: Gasoline compression ignition (GCI) combustion was demonstrated to be an effective combustion concept to achieve high brake thermal efficiency with low-reactivity fuels while offering improved NOx–soot trade-off. Nevertheless, future greenhouse gas regulations still challenge the heavy-duty transportation sector on both engine and vehicle basis. Hybridization is a possible solution in this scenario, allowing the avoidance of low-efficiency conditions and energy recovery during regenerative braking, improving overall vehicle efficiency. In this sense, this investigation proposes a detailed analysis to understand the optimum hybridization strategy to be used together with GCI to simultaneously harness low pollutant and CO 2 emissions. For that, different hybrid architectures were defined in GT Drive (Mild hybrid 48 V P0 and P2 and full Hybrid P2 500 V) and submitted to 15 different use cases, constituted by five normative and real-driving conditions from the US, China, India, and Europe and three different payloads. Results showed that all hybridization strategies could provide fuel savings benefits to some extent. Nonetheless, usage profile is a dominant factor to be accounted for, benefiting specific hybrid powertrains. For instance, P0 and P2 48 V could provide similar savings as P2 500 V, where regenerative braking is limited. Nonetheless, P2 500 V is a superior powertrain if more demanding cycles are considered, allowing it to drive and recuperate energy without exceeding the Crate limitations of the battery.

Keywords: gasoline compression ignition; hybrid trucks; transport decarbonization; long-haul trucks (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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