Selected Legal and Safety Aspects of the “Coal-To-Nuclear” Strategy in Poland

Dagmara K. Chmielewska-Śmietanko, Agnieszka Miśkiewicz, Tomasz Smoliński, Grażyna Zakrzewska-Kołtuniewicz and Andrzej G. Chmielewski ()
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Dagmara K. Chmielewska-Śmietanko: Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
Agnieszka Miśkiewicz: Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
Tomasz Smoliński: Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
Grażyna Zakrzewska-Kołtuniewicz: Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland
Andrzej G. Chmielewski: Institute of Nuclear Chemistry and Technology, 03-195 Warsaw, Poland

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 5, 1-21

Abstract: Poland is actively exploring the application of nuclear power as a substitute for its present reliance on fossil fuels for the generation of heat and electricity. This change reflects a calculated attempt to reduce carbon emissions, diversify the nation’s energy sources, and enhance the sustainability of its energy infrastructure. However, the implementation of nuclear technology faces many challenges, such as radiation exposure, the production of radioactive waste, the off-site effects of nuclear accidents, and high capital costs. Addressing such nuclear-safety-related issues is crucial for nuclear technology’s successful deployment. An extended analysis of the “coal-to-nuclear” process in terms of its safety has to be performed. Therefore, this review paper covers multidisciplinary studies related to the rollout of nuclear energy in Poland. The first stage of this study was the identification of the key areas of analysis, which included (i) formal requirements and recommendations imposed by international and national organizations on the process of designing and operating nuclear power systems; (ii) potential nuclear hazards for the personnel working at a nuclear reactor unit and the local population; (iii) the applied solutions of the security systems of a reactor itself, the steam turbine cycle, and the auxiliary infrastructure; and (iv) the management of spent nuclear fuel and radioactive waste. This methodology, developed based on a review of the literature and international standards, was tested for the selected country—Poland.

Keywords: small modular reactors (SMRs); coal-to-nuclear; site assessment; site selection (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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