Risk Factors for Poland to Achieve the European Commission’s Recycling and Landfill Targets and Their Effects on Waste-to-Energy Conversion: A Review

Monika Zajemska, Anna Korombel and Olga Ławińska ()
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Monika Zajemska: Faculty of Production Engineering and Materials Technology, Czestochowa University of Technology, al. Armii Krajowej 19b, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland
Anna Korombel: Faculty of Management, Czestochowa University of Technology, al. Armii Krajowej 19b, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland
Olga Ławińska: Faculty of Management, Czestochowa University of Technology, al. Armii Krajowej 19b, 42-200 Częstochowa, Poland

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 5, 1-19

Abstract: Poland is highly likely, as per a European Commission report, to fall short of meeting the 2025 targets related to the preparation for re-use and recycling of municipal waste and packaging waste. The risk of not meeting the municipal waste recycling targets stands at 27%, while for packaging waste, it is estimated at 30%. Recycling rates play a pivotal role in gauging the efficiency of waste management systems, as well as in monitoring progress toward a circular economy. Taking into account the considerable likelihood of Poland not achieving the recycling targets, the authors of the paper found it imperative to identify the risk factors associated with Poland’s failure to meet the European Commission’s recycling and landfill targets within the waste-to-energy context. Additionally, they sought to evaluate the potential for the development of the waste-to-energy concept in Poland. The research objectives were fulfilled through the literature review method. By employing the classification of factors outlined in a SWOT analysis, the authors highlighted which of the identified risk factors could or should be considered strengths or weaknesses, opportunities or threats to the Polish recycling process. Mapping out future courses of action will enable decision-makers in Poland to address the weaknesses in recycling, capitalize on opportunities arising from the socio-economic situation in Poland, and formulate plans to mitigate the identified threats. Undertaking such initiatives has the potential to enhance recycling rates in Poland and facilitate the broader application of waste-to-energy practices.

Keywords: municipal solid waste management; waste-to-energy; risk factors; recycling; landfill (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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