Examining the Coopetition Relationships in Renewable Energy Trade among BRI Countries: Complexity, Stability, and Evolution

Yufei Xu, Zhangyi Ji, Chenming Jiang, Wei Xu and Cuixia Gao ()
Additional contact information
Yufei Xu: School of Mathematical Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Zhangyi Ji: School of Mathematical Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Chenming Jiang: School of Mathematical Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Wei Xu: School of Mathematical Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China
Cuixia Gao: School of Mathematical Sciences, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 5, 1-16

Abstract: The Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) has significantly transformed the traditional energy market and reshaped international cooperation and conflict dynamics through its expanding trade in renewable energy resources. This study focuses on examining the complex and evolving nature of coopetition relationships in the renewable energy trade among BRI countries from 2013 to 2020. Understanding the interplay between cooperation and competition in this sector is crucial for comprehending the dynamics and stability of these trade relationships. Using a signed network approach, the findings of this study reveal that the countries predominantly exhibit a cooperative relationship. However, as time progresses, a notable pattern emerges, characterized by the coexistence of “competitive cooperation” and “cooperative competition”. In addition, coopetition group clustering is strongly influenced by geographical location. China, as a key player in the BRI, demonstrates a coopetition group characterized by a high inflow and low outflow pattern. Furthermore, the implementation of the BRI has greatly improved the overall stability of trade along the route. However, the coexistence of competition and cooperation among nations has increased the uncertainty of trade relations, thereby exerting a certain level of influence on their stability. Based on these findings, this study proposes policy recommendations to strength renewable energy trade relationships along the BRI route.

Keywords: the belt and road initiative; renewable energy trade; coopetition; signed network modeling; stability (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/5/1184/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/5/1184/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:5:p:1184-:d:1349707

Access Statistics for this article

Energies is currently edited by Ms. Agatha Cao

More articles in Energies from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().