Review of Cell-Balancing Schemes for Electric Vehicle Battery Management Systems

Adnan Ashraf, Basit Ali, Mothanna S. A. Alsunjury, Hakime Goren, Halise Kilicoglu, Faysal Hardan and Pietro Tricoli ()
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Adnan Ashraf: Department of Electronics, Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
Basit Ali: Department of Electronics, Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
Mothanna S. A. Alsunjury: Department of Electronics, Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
Hakime Goren: Department of Electronics, Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
Halise Kilicoglu: Department of Electronics, Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
Faysal Hardan: Department of Electronics, Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
Pietro Tricoli: Department of Electronics, Electrical and Systems Engineering, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 6, 1-18

Abstract: The battery pack is at the heart of electric vehicles, and lithium-ion cells are preferred because of their high power density, long life, high energy density, and viability for usage in relatively high and low temperatures. Lithium-ion batteries are negatively affected by overvoltage, undervoltage, thermal runaway, and cell voltage imbalance. The minimisation of cell imbalance is particularly important because it causes uneven power dissipation by each cell and, hence, temperature distribution that adversely impacts the battery lifetime. Several papers in the literature proposed advanced cell-balancing techniques to increase the effectiveness of basic cell-balancing approaches, reduce power losses, and reduce the number of components in balancing circuits. The new developments and optimisations over the last few years have been particularly intense due to the increased interest in battery technologies for several end-use applications. This paper reviews and discusses recent cell-balancing techniques or methods, covering their operating principles and the optimised utilisation of electrical components.

Keywords: battery management systems; cell imbalance; electric vehicles; cell balancing; state of charge; active/passive cell balancing (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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