Scalable and Quench-Free Processing of Metal Halide Perovskites in Ambient Conditions

Carsen Cartledge, Saivineeth Penukula, Antonella Giuri, Kayshavi Bakshi, Muneeza Ahmad, Mason Mahaffey, Muzhi Li, Rui Zhang, Aurora Rizzo and Nicholas Rolston ()
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Carsen Cartledge: School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
Saivineeth Penukula: School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
Antonella Giuri: CNR NANOTEC—Institute of Nanotechnology, c/o Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
Kayshavi Bakshi: School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
Muneeza Ahmad: School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
Mason Mahaffey: School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
Muzhi Li: School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
Rui Zhang: School for Engineering of Matter, Transport and Energy, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA
Aurora Rizzo: CNR NANOTEC—Institute of Nanotechnology, c/o Campus Ecotekne, University of Salento, Via Monteroni, I-73100 Lecce, Italy
Nicholas Rolston: School of Electrical, Computer and Energy Engineering, Ira A. Fulton Schools of Engineering, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ 85281, USA

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 6, 1-13

Abstract: With the rise of global warming and the growing energy crisis, scientists have pivoted from typical resources to look for new materials and technologies. Perovskite materials hold the potential for making high-efficiency, low-cost solar cells through solution processing of Earth-abundant materials; however, scalability, stability, and durability remain key challenges. In order to transition from small-scale processing in inert environments to higher throughput processing in ambient conditions, the fundamentals of perovskite crystallization must be understood. Classical nucleation theory, the LaMer relation, and nonclassical crystallization considerations are discussed to provide a mechanism by which a gellan gum (GG) additive—a nontoxic polymeric saccharide—has enabled researchers to produce quality halide perovskite thin-film blade coated in ambient conditions without a quench step. Furthermore, we report on the improved stability and durability properties inherent to these films, which feature improved morphologies and optoelectronic properties compared to films spin-coated in a glovebox with antisolvent. We tune the amount of GG in the perovskite precursor and study the interplay between GG concentration and processability, morphological control, and increased stability under humidity, heat, and mechanical testing. The simplicity of this approach and insensitivity to environmental conditions enable a wide process window for the production of low-defect, mechanically robust, and operationally stable perovskites with fracture energies among the highest obtained for perovskites.

Keywords: perovskite solar cells; blade coating; polymer-mediated crystallization; nucleation; GIWAXS; passivation; lock-in thermography; mechanical stability; defect tolerance; gellan gum (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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