Multi-Objective Optimization with Active–Passive Technology Synergy for Rural Residences in Northern China

Huan Zhang, Yajie Wang, Xianze Liu, Fujing Wan and Wandong Zheng ()
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Huan Zhang: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
Yajie Wang: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
Xianze Liu: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
Fujing Wan: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China
Wandong Zheng: School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Tianjin University, Tianjin 300350, China

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 7, 1-25

Abstract: Due to the serious problems with energy efficiency, carbon emissions, and thermal comfort of rural residences in northern China, an optimization of active and passive heating technologies for rural residences is necessary. In this paper, an optimization for rural residences in northern China is conducted with four objectives: the whole life cycle carbon emission; the annual energy consumption through heating, ventilation, and air conditioning systems; the annual cost; and thermal comfort. In addition, the optimization model with active–passive heating technology synergy is resolved by NSGA-II genetic algorithm. The active and passive design variables, including the type of air source heat pump, orientation, the type and thickness of envelope insulation, the layer of window glass, the window-to-wall area ratio, as well as sunspace parameters are preferred to obtain the optimal solution. The results indicate that the optimal solution obtained by the ideal point method gives the most outstanding performance. Compared with the prototype, the optimized carbon emissions in severe cold and cold regions decreased by 56.1% and 54.6%, respectively. The annual energy consumption decreased by 59.7% and 62.2%. Finally, the roof insulation thickness is the most sensitive design variable in Pareto-optimal solution sets. This paper offers significant guidance in the application of the optimization method of active–passive technology synergy to the energy-saving design of buildings.

Keywords: multi-objective optimization; active–passive technology synergy; heating; rural residences; northern China; life cycle (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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