Characteristics of Biodiesel Produced from Crude Palm Oil through Non-Alcohol Synthesis Route Using Dimethyl Carbonate and Immobilized Eco-Enzyme Catalyst

Reza Nageubri Balfas, Azhari Muhammad Syam (), Muhammad Muhammad, Adi Setiawan () and Herman Fithra
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Reza Nageubri Balfas: Renewable Energy Engineering Magister Program, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Malikussaleh, Jalan Batam, Bukit Indah, Muara Satu, Lhokseumawe 24352, Indonesia
Azhari Muhammad Syam: Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Malikussaleh, Jalan Batam, Bukit Indah, Muara Satu, Lhokseumawe 24352, Indonesia
Muhammad Muhammad: Chemical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Malikussaleh, Jalan Batam, Bukit Indah, Muara Satu, Lhokseumawe 24352, Indonesia
Adi Setiawan: Biodiesel Research and Innovation Center (BRAIN), Universitas Malikussaleh, Jalan Irian, Bukit Indah, Muara Satu, Lhokseumawe 24352, Indonesia
Herman Fithra: Biodiesel Research and Innovation Center (BRAIN), Universitas Malikussaleh, Jalan Irian, Bukit Indah, Muara Satu, Lhokseumawe 24352, Indonesia

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 7, 1-16

Abstract: Biodiesel, an alternative to traditional diesel, is essential for the sustainability of long-term energy supplies and often synthesized through a non-alcoholic route called interesterification. The described synthesis method facilitates the modification of oil and fat by exchanging acyl radical groups between triglyceride and alcoholic acid (alcoholysis), fat (acidolysis), or ester (transesterification). Therefore, this research aimed to determine the effect of the reactant ratio between crude palm oil (CPO) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC), along with the use of an eco-enzyme catalyst, on biodiesel characteristics. The CPO:DMC ratio was 1:1.5, 1:2, 1:2.5, and 1:3, while the immobilized eco-enzyme catalyst was 2%, 3%, 4%, 5%, and 6% of CPO mass. The results showed that interesterification with a 1:3 reactant ratio using a 4%wt catalyst was the best procedure, producing biodiesel yield of 73.65%, density of 0.860 g/mL, viscosity of 4.63 mm 2 /s (cSt), flash point of 113 °C, calorific value of 34.454 MJ/kg, and cetane number of 70.6%.

Keywords: biodiesel; CPO; dimethyl carbonate; immobilized eco-enzyme; interesterification (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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