Wind Mapping of Malaysia Using Ward’s Clustering Method

Amar Azhar () and Huzaifa Hashim
Additional contact information
Amar Azhar: Department of Civil Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
Huzaifa Hashim: Department of Civil Engineering, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 7, 1-24

Abstract: Malaysian wind maps used in wind analysis and engineering design are dated back to the last 50 years of wind data. Cotemporally, the mean wind speed was used as the basic wind design and due to changes in the weather condition worldwide, wind monitoring assumption and structure design are jeopardized. Therefore, this study aims to map the wind based on the trend of the highest wind speed recorded. The wind speed was analyzed based on a trend basis. The study included 42 Malaysian Metrological Department weather stations and the annual wind speed was acquired based on the monthly highest wind speed (1990–2019). The data were then processed using the 95% confidence interval method to determine the mean of the month, and the annual wind trendline was obtained. The trendline was then clustered using Ward’s method with the assistance of the high-level programming language, PYTHON v3.11.6. The clustering analysis produced two clusters for the Malaysian Peninsula and two for Sabah and Sarawak. The recommendation is to use the highest wind speed recorded on the map as the design wind speed. The recommendation is expected to help experts to compensate for the uncertainties in wind speed during the design stage and avoid incidents in the field.

Keywords: mean wind speed; coastal; inland; wind trendline; wind clustering; Ward’s method (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/7/1563/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/7/1563/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:7:p:1563-:d:1363478

Access Statistics for this article

Energies is currently edited by Ms. Agatha Cao

More articles in Energies from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().