Voltage Frequency Differential Protection Algorithm

Zdravko Matišić, Tomislav Antić, Juraj Havelka and Tomislav Capuder ()
Additional contact information
Zdravko Matišić: Croatia Distribution System Operator (HEP ODS d.o.o.), 48000 Koprivnica, Croatia
Tomislav Antić: University of Zagreb Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Juraj Havelka: University of Zagreb Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
Tomislav Capuder: University of Zagreb Faculty of Electrical Engineering and Computing, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 8, 1-18

Abstract: Advancements in new technologies, a reduction in CO 2 emissions, and the rising demand for energy are causing a growth in the share of renewable energy sources. In distribution networks, an increasing number of distributed generators (DGs) makes the utility grid’s protection complex and demanding. Vector surge and rate-of-change-of-frequency are the established anti-islanding protection methods, recognizing that the standard paradigm for protection, involving distributed generation, cannot be set only once but has to be continuously updated following the requirements and changes in the system. One of the requirements is active participation in the preservation of system frequency and voltage, which can be interrupted if the DG trips and disconnects from the utility grid. Anti-islanding protection and spurious tripping can be avoided by implementing new algorithms and techniques. This paper presents a novel protection scheme based on a voltage frequency differential. The proposed algorithm employs remote and local frequency measurements in such a manner that, for the occurrence of a frequency difference, it is assumed that the DG is in an islanding state. In this article, we demonstrate the feasibility of the algorithm through numerical analysis of grid events and laboratory testing emulating real grid-measured values. The test results show that the algorithm is resilient to false tripping for non-islanding events and more reliable than conventional methods in islanding detection. The algorithm can be set to low-frequency differential values, drastically reducing the non-detection zone in any DG type, regardless of its size and voltage level at the point of common coupling. Unlike standard anti-islanding methods, the algorithm supports the ability of the DG to fault-ride through demand.

Keywords: frequency differential; vector shift; rate-of-change-of-frequency; islanding; algorithm; non-detection zone (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations:

Downloads: (external link)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/8/1845/pdf (application/pdf)
https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/8/1845/ (text/html)

Related works:
This item may be available elsewhere in EconPapers: Search for items with the same title.

Export reference: BibTeX RIS (EndNote, ProCite, RefMan) HTML/Text

Persistent link: https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:gam:jeners:v:17:y:2024:i:8:p:1845-:d:1374508

Access Statistics for this article

Energies is currently edited by Ms. Agatha Cao

More articles in Energies from MDPI
Bibliographic data for series maintained by MDPI Indexing Manager ().