Towards a Net Zero-Emission Electricity Generation System by Optimizing Renewable Energy Sources and Nuclear Power Plant

Mujammil Asdhiyoga Rahmanta, Rahmat Adiprasetya Al Hasibi (), Handrea Bernando Tambunan, Ruly, Agussalim Syamsuddin, Indra Ardhanayudha Aditya and Benny Susanto
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Mujammil Asdhiyoga Rahmanta: PT. PLN (Persero) Puslitbang Ketenagalistrikan (Research Institute), Jl. PLN Duren Tiga No. 102, Pancoran, Jakarta 12760, Indonesia
Rahmat Adiprasetya Al Hasibi: Department of Electrical Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Jl. Brawijaya, Kasihan, Bantul, Yogyakarta 55183, Indonesia
Handrea Bernando Tambunan: PT. PLN (Persero) Puslitbang Ketenagalistrikan (Research Institute), Jl. PLN Duren Tiga No. 102, Pancoran, Jakarta 12760, Indonesia
Ruly: PT. PLN (Persero) Puslitbang Ketenagalistrikan (Research Institute), Jl. PLN Duren Tiga No. 102, Pancoran, Jakarta 12760, Indonesia
Agussalim Syamsuddin: PT. PLN (Persero) Puslitbang Ketenagalistrikan (Research Institute), Jl. PLN Duren Tiga No. 102, Pancoran, Jakarta 12760, Indonesia
Indra Ardhanayudha Aditya: PT. PLN (Persero) Puslitbang Ketenagalistrikan (Research Institute), Jl. PLN Duren Tiga No. 102, Pancoran, Jakarta 12760, Indonesia
Benny Susanto: PT. PLN (Persero) Puslitbang Ketenagalistrikan (Research Institute), Jl. PLN Duren Tiga No. 102, Pancoran, Jakarta 12760, Indonesia

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 8, 1-22

Abstract: Greenhouse gas emissions, including CO 2 emissions, are an issue in the energy sector that must be addressed urgently. The energy sector, including electricity, has been given a global aim of net zero emissions (NZE). This article examines three scenarios for reaching net-zero emissions in power supply. These scenarios are baseline, NZE1, and NZE2. The baseline scenario represents power plant capacity planning based on existing regulations in the base year. The net zero emissions consisting of the NZE1 and NZE2 scenarios aim to achieve net zero emissions by 2060. The NZE1 and NZE2 scenarios differ in the usage of nuclear power plant technology. The NZE1 scenario employs advanced costs for small modular reactors and large reactors technology, whilst the NZE2 scenario employs the low cost of small modular reactors and large reactors. The three scenarios were implemented and examined using the low emissions analysis platform software. The analytical results demonstrate that the NZE1 and NZE2 scenarios can meet the net zero emission objective by 2058. The baseline scenario results in power plant capacity planning with an average annual CO 2 emission growth rate of 3.58%. On the other hand, the baseline scenario has the lowest investment expenses, at only 44 billion USD.

Keywords: net zero emission; renewable energy; nuclear power plant; optimization (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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