Building Resilient Cities: A Comprehensive Review of Climate Change Adaptation Indicators for Urban Design

Carlota García Díaz (), David Zambrana-Vasquez and Carmen Bartolomé
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Carlota García Díaz: Fundación CIRCE, Parque Empresarial Dinamiza, Avda. Ranillas 3D, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
David Zambrana-Vasquez: Instituto Universitario de Investigación Mixto CIRCE, Fundación CIRCE—Universidad de Zaragoza, Parque Empresarial Dinamiza, Avda. Ranillas 3D, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain
Carmen Bartolomé: Instituto Universitario de Investigación Mixto CIRCE, Fundación CIRCE—Universidad de Zaragoza, Parque Empresarial Dinamiza, Avda. Ranillas 3D, 50018 Zaragoza, Spain

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 8, 1-19

Abstract: Urban areas generate more than 70% of the world’s climate change emissions, mainly CO 2 , produced by the combustion of fossil fuels. Climate change is increasing cities’ exposure to climate hazards, such as heat waves or floods. Therefore, there is a need to improve risk management with the inclusion of climate resilience in urban policy design. Despite improved urban climate monitoring, there are still relatively few scientific publications on climate change adaptation in urban areas. Adaptation to climate change is not achieved through specific action, but rather through the adoption and continuous implementation of adaptation actions such as housing rehabilitation, green space management and protection measures for vulnerable groups. This variety of actions makes it difficult not only to identify different indicators, but also to use common benchmarks. Considering the role of municipalities in adapting to climate change, it is crucial to identify adaptation indicators that serve as a basis for decision making, as well as evaluation methods that allow the effectiveness of planned and implemented measures in municipalities. It can be used to determine which measures increase the level of adaptation or lead to poor adaptation. Therefore, monitoring indicators makes it possible to evaluate the effectiveness of the measures, in addition to formulating new ones. This paper includes a literature review of existing index designed to address climate hazards and mitigate their impacts in urban areas.

Keywords: climate change; climate change adaptation; urban areas; index; natural risk; indicators (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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