Integration of Electric Vehicles and Renewable Energy in Indonesia’s Electrical Grid

Ahmad Amiruddin (), Roger Dargaville, Ariel Liebman and Ross Gawler
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Ahmad Amiruddin: Monash Energy Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Melbourne 3800, Australia
Roger Dargaville: Monash Energy Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Melbourne 3800, Australia
Ross Gawler: Monash Energy Institute, Monash University, Wellington Road, Melbourne 3800, Australia

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 9, 1-24

Abstract: As the global transition toward sustainable energy gains momentum, integrating electric vehicles (EVs), energy storage, and renewable energy sources has become a pivotal strategy. This paper analyses the interplay between EVs, energy storage, and renewable energy integration with Indonesia’s grid as a test case. A comprehensive energy system modeling approach using PLEXOS is presented, using historical data on electricity generation, hourly demand, and renewable energy, and multiple scenarios of charging patterns and EV adoption. Through a series of scenarios, we evaluate the impact of different charging strategies and EV penetration levels on generation capacity, battery storage requirements, total system cost, renewable energy penetration, and emissions reduction. The findings reveal that optimized charging patterns and higher EV adoption rates, compared to no EVs adoption, led to substantial improvements in renewable energy utilization (+4%), emissions reduction (−12.8%), and overall system cost (−9%). While EVs contribute to reduced emissions compared to conventional vehicles, non-optimized charging behavior may lead to higher total emissions when compared to scenarios without EVs. The research also found the potential of vehicle to grid (V2G) to reduce the need for battery storage compared to zero EV (−84%), to reduce emissions significantly (−23.7%), and boost penetration of renewable energy (+10%). This research offers valuable insights for policymakers, energy planners, and stakeholders seeking to leverage the synergies between EVs and renewable energy integration to pursue a sustainable energy future for Indonesia.

Keywords: electric vehicles; renewable energy integration; energy storage; energy modeling; net zero emissions; sustainable transportation; Indonesia (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
References: View references in EconPapers View complete reference list from CitEc
Citations: View citations in EconPapers (1)

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