Do Energy Consumption and CO 2 Emissions Significantly Influence Green Tax Levels in European Countries?

Claudia Diana Sabău-Popa (), Alexandra Maria Bele, Adrian Negrea, Dorin Cristian Coita and Adriana Giurgiu
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Claudia Diana Sabău-Popa: Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
Alexandra Maria Bele: Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
Adrian Negrea: Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
Dorin Cristian Coita: Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania
Adriana Giurgiu: Faculty of Economic Sciences, University of Oradea, 410087 Oradea, Romania

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 9, 1-23

Abstract: In this article, we analyze the correlation between GDP/capita variation, primary and renewable energy consumption and greenhouse gas emissions on the one hand, and green taxes on the other. Green taxes are the main instruments used to limit activities that have a negative impact on the environment. These consist of taxes paid by producers and/or consumers for any activity that generates pollution. The results of dynamic regressions, validated by the applied robustness tests, indicate a significant and positive correlation between primary energy consumption and total environmental taxes, respectively energy taxes. At the same time, this shows that variation in GDP/capita significantly and positively influences transport taxes and pollution taxes. In contrast, net greenhouse gas emissions and the supply, transformation and consumption of renewable sources and waste do not significantly influence the total green taxes and their components. This finding is useful to both academic research and government policies for the realistic substantiation of the levels of green tax revenues and for establishing appropriate measures meant to reduce CO 2 emissions.

Keywords: green taxes; CO 2 emissions; GDP/capita; primary energy consumption; energy taxes; pollution taxes; transport taxes (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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