Ventilation Methods for Improving the Indoor Air Quality and Energy Efficiency of Multi-Family Buildings in Central Europe

Joanna Ferdyn-Grygierek () and Krzysztof Grygierek
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Joanna Ferdyn-Grygierek: Department of Heating, Ventilation and Dust Removal Technology, Faculty of Energy and Environmental Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Konarskiego 20, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland
Krzysztof Grygierek: Department of Mechanics and Bridges, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Silesian University of Technology, Akademicka 5, 44-100 Gliwice, Poland

Energies, 2024, vol. 17, issue 9, 1-21

Abstract: In Poland and other countries in Central Europe, residential buildings from the second half of the 20th century dominate, which have recently undergone deep thermomodernisation. Research on the retrofitting of residential buildings has focused mainly on energy efficiency, with only a few studies on indoor air quality. The aim of this study was to present a comparative analysis of the impact of five ventilation scenarios (three natural and two mechanical) on CO 2 concentration and energy demand for heating and ventilation in residential spaces of a multi-family building located in Poland. The analyses were based on the results of building performance co-simulation using the EnergyPlus and CONTAM programs carried out under dynamic conditions with a 5 min time step for the entire heating season. The calculations took into account the instantaneous occupancy variability of twenty apartments. In the buildings equipped with new tight windows, the natural ventilation system provided extremely low air exchange (on average 0.1 h −1 ) and poor indoor air quality (average CO 2 concentration at the level of 2500 ppm). Opening windows to ventilate the rooms generated a multiple increase (up to 8 times) in heating demand during these periods, but average CO 2 concentration was on the level of 930 ppm. The use of mechanical ventilation was profitable both in terms of energy savings (at the level of 50%) and improvement in the indoor air.

Keywords: CO 2 concentration; ventilation; heat demand; multi-family building; energy simulation; indoor air quality (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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