Effect of Injector Needle Tip Shape on Jet Flow for Pelton Turbine

Chun Zhang, Chao Wang, Qianhe Tian, Quanwei Liang, Yilin Zhu, Yexiang Xiao (), Yong Bai, Zhaoning Wang, Hengte Zhou and Xianwu Luo
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Chun Zhang: Yajiang Clean Energy Science and Technology Research (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 100048, China
Chao Wang: Yajiang Clean Energy Science and Technology Research (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 100048, China
Qianhe Tian: State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Quanwei Liang: Dongfang Electric Machinery Co., Ltd., Deyang 618000, China
Yilin Zhu: State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Yexiang Xiao: State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China
Yong Bai: Yajiang Clean Energy Science and Technology Research (Beijing) Co., Ltd., Beijing 100048, China
Zhaoning Wang: Dongfang Electric Machinery Co., Ltd., Deyang 618000, China
Hengte Zhou: Dongfang Electric Machinery Co., Ltd., Deyang 618000, China
Xianwu Luo: State Key Laboratory of Hydroscience and Engineering, Department of Energy and Power Engineering, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China

Energies, 2024, vol. 18, issue 1, 1-13

Abstract: The Pelton turbine has been widely applied for the advantages of its simple structure, flexible mass flow rate, wide range of applicable heads and high efficiency. The nozzle and needle are a core part of the Pelton turbine injector. In this paper, the VOF (Volume of Fluid) model was used to simulate the jet flow behaviors and hydraulic performance for a Pelton injector with a needle tip with different breakage losses. Three types of needle tip breakage loss combined with normal needle tip were selected for numerical calculation and analysis, focusing on the influence of needle tip on the high-speed jet flow characteristics. An injector with normal needle tip hydraulic performance is compared with the model test. Finally, the injector hydraulic performance and the jet flow behavior changes with the needle tip shape were comprehensively analyzed. Results show that the needle tip shape almost does not affect the flow rate; when the tip breakage loss is larger than 0.1 of nozzle diameter, the jet efficiency will decrease rapidly and the jet will diffuse rapidly after outflow from the injector. The investigation provides a basis for the operation, maintenance and stability of the Pelton turbine.

Keywords: Pelton turbine; injector; needle tip; jet flow; hydraulic performance (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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