A Survey on Using Second-Life Batteries in Stationary Energy Storage Applications

Majid Gharebaghi, Omid Rezaei, Changyao Li, Zhanle Wang () and Yili Tang
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Majid Gharebaghi: Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
Omid Rezaei: Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
Changyao Li: Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
Zhanle Wang: Department of Electronic Systems Engineering, University of Regina, Regina, SK S4S 0A2, Canada
Yili Tang: Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Western University, London, ON N6A 5B9, Canada

Energies, 2024, vol. 18, issue 1, 1-33

Abstract: As a key component of transportation decarbonization, the adoption of electric vehicles (EVs) is rapidly increasing. However, EV batteries are typically retired once their state of health drops to around 80%, usually after 10 to 20 years of use. Despite this decline, retired EV batteries still retain 70–80% of their original capacity. Reusing these retired batteries as second-life batteries (SLBs) for battery energy storage systems can offer significant economic and environmental benefits. This article provides a comprehensive analysis of the technical challenges and solutions, economic feasibility, environmental impacts, and case studies of existing projects. It also explores the current battery recycling process. The article concludes with an overview of the feasibility assessment, future development trends, market potential, and policy recommendations for the battery energy storage market.

Keywords: power batteries; battery management systems; battery recycling; battery energy storage systems, second-life battery (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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