Numerical Assessment of a Heavy-Duty (HD) Spark Ignition (SI) Biogas Engine

Alberto Ballerini (), Tommaso Lucchini and Angelo Onorati ()
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Alberto Ballerini: Dipartimento di Energia, Politecnico di Milano, Via Raffaele Lambruschini 4/A, 20156 Milano, Italy
Tommaso Lucchini: Dipartimento di Energia, Politecnico di Milano, Via Raffaele Lambruschini 4/A, 20156 Milano, Italy
Angelo Onorati: Dipartimento di Energia, Politecnico di Milano, Via Raffaele Lambruschini 4/A, 20156 Milano, Italy

Energies, 2024, vol. 18, issue 1, 1-20

Abstract: This paper examines the feasibility of converting a Heavy-Duty (HD) Spark Ignition (SI) Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) engine to biogas fuel. A One-Dimensional (1D) simulation tool was used to model a commercially available HD SI CNG engine. The model was validated by comparing experimental and computed in-cylinder pressure, brake power, fuel, and air mass flow rates. The engine was then modified to use biogas with an injection system based on existing designs from the literature. A Spark Advance (SA) sweep was performed to assess the engine’s performance at full load. The chosen equivalence ratio was 0.85, and the engine speed was 1500 rpm. The Maximum Brake Power (MBP) and Maximum Brake Efficiency (MBE) operating points were identified. Partial load analysis was conducted starting from the MBP conditions. Results in terms of brake power, brake efficiency, and NO x emissions are presented. Conversion to biofuel results in a reduction in power and efficiency of 33% and 4%, respectively, at 1500 rpm and full load conditions. Brake Specific NO x emissions remained comparable. This numerical study demonstrates the feasibility of biogas conversion for HD SI engines, offering a renewable fuel alternative to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, though with trade-offs in power and efficiency.

Keywords: biogas; 1D simulation; nitrogen oxides; internal combustion engines; heavy duty (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2024
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