The Optimal Operation of Ice-Storage Air-Conditioning Systems by Considering Thermal Comfort and Demand Response

Chia-Sheng Tu, Yon-Hon Tsai, Ming-Tang Tsai () and Chih-Liang Chen
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Chia-Sheng Tu: School of Marine Mechatronics, Xiamen Ocean Vocational College, Xiamen 361101, China
Yon-Hon Tsai: Institute of Mechatronics Engineering, Cheng-Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
Ming-Tang Tsai: Department of Electrical Engineering, Cheng-Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan
Chih-Liang Chen: Department of Electrical Engineering, Cheng-Shiu University, Kaohsiung 833, Taiwan

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 10, 1-16

Abstract: The purpose of this paper is to discuss the optimal operation of ice-storage air-conditioning systems by considering thermal comfort and demand response (DR) in order to obtain the maximum benefit. This paper first collects the indoor environment parameters and human body parameters to calculate the Predicted Mean Vote (PMV). By considering the DR strategy, the cooling load requirements, thermal comfort, and the various operation constraints, the dispatch model of the ice-storage air-conditioning systems is formulated to minimize the total bill. This paper takes an office building as a case study to analyze the cooling capacity in ice-melting mode and ice-storage mode. A dynamic programming model is used to solve the dispatch model of ice-storage air-conditioning systems, and analyzes the optimal operation cost of ice-storage air-conditioning systems under a two-section and three-section Time-of-Use (TOU) price. The ice-storage mode and ice-melting mode of the ice-storage air-conditioning system are used as the analysis benchmark, and then the energy-saving strategy, thermal comfort, and the demand response (DR) strategy are added for analysis and comparison. It is shown that the total electricity cost of the two-section TOU and three-section TOU was reduced by 18.67% and 333%, respectively, if the DR is considered in our study. This study analyzes the optimal operation of the ice-storage air-conditioning system from an overall perspective under various conditions such as different seasons, time schedules, ice storage and melting, etc. Through the implementation of this paper, the ability for enterprise operation and management control is improved for the participants to reduce peak demand, save on an electricity bill, and raise the ability of the market’s competition.

Keywords: demand response; Time-of-Use (TOU); ice-storage air-conditioning system; Predicted Mean Vote (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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