An Adaptive Control Strategy for a Better Performance of the Paralleled PV-BES-VSG Power System

Xian Gao, Dao Zhou, Amjad Anvari-Moghaddam and Frede Blaabjerg ()
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Xian Gao: College of Information Science and Technology & College of Artificial Intelligence, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, China
Dao Zhou: AAU Energy, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
Amjad Anvari-Moghaddam: AAU Energy, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
Frede Blaabjerg: AAU Energy, Aalborg University, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 10, 1-17

Abstract: The growing integration of renewable energy sources has led to the development of virtual synchronous generator (VSG) control as a way to enhance system stability and offer primary frequency regulation. These functions of VSGs usually rely on the photovoltaic (PV) system or battery energy storage (BES), which is equipped at the DC side of the system. However, due to differences in the initial state of charges (SoCs) and uneven power distribution, the SoCs of battery energy storage systems (BESs) may become unbalanced, posing risks to the healthy operation of BESs and the overall system reliability. To realize SoC balancing, an adaptive control scheme for a paralleled PV-BES-VSG power system is presented. The adaptive SoC balancing term is applied to the active power references based on a simple segmented quadratic function. The proposed control strategy can realize optimal operation of paralleled VSGs and reduce SoC imbalance at the same time. The effectiveness of the proposed control scheme is evaluated via a case study system consisting of two paralleled PV-BES-VSG units using Matlab/Simulink R2021a.

Keywords: renewable energy sources; virtual synchronous generator (VSG); photovoltaic (PV) system; adaptive control strategy; battery energy storage (BES); state of charge (SoC) balancing (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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