The Influence of Ventilation Conditions on LPG Leak Dispersion in a Commercial Kitchen

Xiongjun Yuan, Xue Li (), Yanxia Zhang, Ning Zhou, Bing Chen, Yiting Liang, Chunhai Yang, Weiqiu Huang and Chengye Sun
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Xiongjun Yuan: College of Safety Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
Xue Li: School of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
Yanxia Zhang: School of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
Ning Zhou: School of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
Bing Chen: Institute of Industrial Safety, China Academy of Safety Science and Technology, Beijing 100012, China
Yiting Liang: School of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
Chunhai Yang: School of Materials Engineering, Changshu Institute of Technology, Suzhou 215500, China
Weiqiu Huang: School of Petroleum and Natural Gas Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, China
Chengye Sun: Zhenjiang East China Safety Science Research Institute Limited Liability Company, Zhenjiang 212000, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 11, 1-18

Abstract: With the extensive use of liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) in the catering industry, leakage explosions have become frequent. This study employs numerical simulations to investigate the diffusion patterns of LPG leakage under various ventilation conditions. The results show that there is a logarithmic relationship between the wind speed and the volume of a propane gas cloud under natural ventilation. In the wind speed ranges of 1.5 to 3.3 m/s and 7.9 to 10.7 m/s, a small increase in wind speed leads to a significant reduction in gas cloud volume (97.2% and 95.05%, respectively). Under forced ventilation, the volume of the gas cloud decreases by 90.6%, from 6.67 m 3 at higher air exchange rates (22.1 and 24.3 times/h), reducing explosion risks. When leakage occurs at the stove, the optimal combination for dispersing the propane combustible gas cloud is window opening at position 1 and fan at position a. The volume of the gas cloud at window position 1 increases exponentially with the distance between the fan and the leak source. The fan is installed within 2.786 m from the leak source to ensure that the gas cloud volume remains below 0.5 m 3 . These findings provide valuable insights for the design and the optimization of ventilation systems and layouts in commercial kitchens.

Keywords: LPG leakage; confined space; natural ventilation; forced ventilation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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