Synchronized Carrier-Wave and High-Frequency Square-Wave Periodic Modulation Strategy for Acoustic Noise Reduction in Sensorless PMSM Drives

Wentao Zhang, Sizhe Cheng (), Pengcheng Zhu, Yiwei Liu and Jiming Zou
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Wentao Zhang: School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
Sizhe Cheng: School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
Pengcheng Zhu: School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
Yiwei Liu: School of Mechatronics Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
Jiming Zou: School of Electrical Engineering and Automation, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 11, 1-19

Abstract: High-frequency injection (HFI) is widely adopted for the sensorless control of permanent magnet synchronous motors (PMSMs) at low speeds. However, conventional HFI strategies relying on fixed-frequency carrier modulation and square-wave injection concentrate current harmonic energy within narrow spectral bands, thereby inducing pronounced high-frequency motor vibrations and noise. To mitigate this issue, this paper proposes a noise suppression strategy based on synchronized periodic frequency modulation (PFM) of both the carrier and high-frequency square-wave signals. By innovatively synchronizing the periodic modulation of the triangular carrier in space vector pulse width modulation (SVPWM) with the injected high-frequency square wave, harmonic energy dispersion and noise reduction are achieved, substantially lowering peak acoustic emissions. First, the harmonic characteristics of the voltage-source inverter output under symmetric triangular carrier SVPWM are analyzed within a sawtooth-wave PFM framework. Concurrently, a harmonic current model is developed for the high-frequency square-wave injection method, enabling the precise derivation of harmonic components. A frequency-synchronized modulation strategy between the carrier and injection signals is proposed, with a rigorous analysis of its harmonic suppression mechanism. The rotor position is then estimated via high-frequency signal extraction and a normalized phase-locked loop (PLL). Comparative simulations and experiments confirm significant noise peak attenuation compared to conventional methods, while position estimation accuracy remains unaffected. This work provides both theoretical and practical advancements for noise-sensitive sensorless motor control applications.

Keywords: sensorless control; interior permanent magnet synchronous motor; synchronized periodic frequency modulation; audible noise (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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