A Trusted Sharing Strategy for Electricity in Multi-Virtual Power Plants Based on Dual-Chain Blockchain

Wei Huang, Chao Zheng, Xuehao He, Xiaojie Liu, Suwei Zhai, Guobiao Lin, Shi Su, Chenyang Zhao () and Qian Ai
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Wei Huang: Kunming Power Dispatching Control Center, Kunming Power Supply Bureau, Yunnan Power Grid Co., Ltd., Kunming 650010, China
Chao Zheng: Yunnan Power Dispatching Control Center, Yunnan Power Grid Co., Ltd., Kunming 650011, China
Xuehao He: Electric Power Research Institute of China Southern Power Grid Yunnan Power Grid Co., Ltd., Kunming 650217, China
Xiaojie Liu: Dongfang Electronics Cooperation, Yantai 264010, China
Suwei Zhai: Yunnan Power Dispatching Control Center, Yunnan Power Grid Co., Ltd., Kunming 650011, China
Guobiao Lin: Dongfang Electronics Cooperation, Yantai 264010, China
Shi Su: Electric Power Research Institute of China Southern Power Grid Yunnan Power Grid Co., Ltd., Kunming 650217, China
Chenyang Zhao: Key Laboratory of Control of Power Transmission and Conversion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
Qian Ai: Key Laboratory of Control of Power Transmission and Conversion, Ministry of Education, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 11, 1-22

Abstract: Distributed power trading is becoming the future development trend of electric energy trading, and virtual power plant (VPP), as a kind of aggregated optimization scheme to enhance energy utilization efficiency, has received more and more attention for studying distributed trading among multiple VPPs. However, how to guarantee the economy, credibility, security, and efficiency of distributed transactions is still a key issue to be overcome. To this end, a multi-VPP power sharing trusted transaction strategy based on dual-chain blockchain is proposed. First, a dual-chain blockchain electric energy transaction architecture is proposed. Then, the VPP-independent operation cost model is constructed, based on which, the decision model of multi-VPP electric energy sharing transaction based on Nash negotiation theory is constructed. Again, an improved-Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerant (I-PBFT) consensus algorithm combining the schnorr protocol with the Diffie–Hellman key exchange algorithm and a smart contract for multi-VPP electricity trading are designed to realize trusted, secure, and efficient distributed transactions. Finally, the example results verify the effectiveness of the strategy proposed in this paper.

Keywords: virtual power plants; distributed transactions; blockchain; Nash negotiation; consensus algorithms; smart contracts (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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