Multi-Objective Optimal Control of Variable Speed Alternating Current-Excited Pumped Storage Units Considering Electromechanical Coupling Under Grid Voltage Fault

Tao Liu, Yu Lu, Xiaolong Yang, Ziqiang Man, Wei Yan, Teng Liu, Changjiang Zhan, Xingwei Zhou and Tianyu Fang ()
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Tao Liu: Construction and Management Branch of China Southern Power Grid Energy Storage Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510000, China
Yu Lu: NR Electric Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210000, China
Xiaolong Yang: Construction and Management Branch of China Southern Power Grid Energy Storage Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510000, China
Ziqiang Man: NR Electric Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210000, China
Wei Yan: NR Electric Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210000, China
Teng Liu: NR Electric Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210000, China
Changjiang Zhan: NR Electric Co., Ltd., Nanjing 210000, China
Xingwei Zhou: School of Electrical and Power Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210000, China
Tianyu Fang: School of Electrical and Power Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210000, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 11, 1-17

Abstract: Variable Speed AC-excited Pumped Storage Units (VSACPSUs) demonstrate advantages in flexibility, high efficiency, and fast response, and they play a crucial regulatory role in power systems with increasing renewable energy penetration. Typically connected to weak grids, conventional low-voltage ride-through (LVRT) control methods for these units suffer from single control objectives, poor adaptability, and neglect of electromechanical coupling characteristics. To address these limitations, this paper proposes a multi-objective optimization strategy considering electromechanical coupling under a grid voltage fault. Firstly, a positive/negative-sequence mathematical model of doubly-fed machines is established. Based on stator winding power expressions, the operational characteristics under a grid fault are analyzed, including stator current imbalance as well as oscillation mechanisms of active power, reactive power, and electromagnetic torque. Considering the differences in rotor current references under different control objectives, a unified rotor current reference expression is constructed by introducing a time-varying weighting factor according to expression characteristics and electromechanical coupling properties. The weighting factor can be dynamically adjusted based on operating conditions and grid requirements using turbine input power, grid current unbalance, and voltage dip depth as key indicators to achieve adaptive control optimization. Finally, a multi-objective optimization model incorporating coupling characteristics and operational requirements is developed. Compared with conventional methods, the proposed strategy demonstrates enhanced adaptability and significantly improved low-voltage ride-through performance. Simulation results verify its effectiveness.

Keywords: variable speed AC-excited pumped storage unit (VSACPSU); low-voltage ride-through (LVRT); multi-objective optimization strategy; electromechanical coupling; weighting factor (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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