Small-Disturbance Stability Analysis of Doubly Fed Variable-Speed Pumped Storage Units

Xiangyang Yu (), Yujie Cui, Hao Qi, Chunyang Gao, Ziming He and Haipeng Nan
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Xiangyang Yu: School of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
Yujie Cui: School of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
Hao Qi: School of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
Chunyang Gao: School of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
Ziming He: School of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China
Haipeng Nan: School of Water Resources and Hydroelectric Engineering, Xi’an University of Technology, Xi’an 710048, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 11, 1-28

Abstract: The variable-speed operation mode of pumped storage units improves the regulation performance and endows the units with characteristics such as isolation from the power grid, thereby affecting the system stability. This study establishes a detailed mathematical model for the connection of doubly fed induction generator-based variable-speed pumped storage (DFIG-VSPS) to a single-machine infinite bus system under power generation conditions in the synchronous rotation direct-quadrature-zero coordinate system. The introduction of the eigenvalue method to analyze the small-disturbance stability of doubly fed variable-speed pumped storage units and the use of participation factors to calculate the degree of influence of each state variable on the small-disturbance stability of the units are innovations of this study. The participation factor enhances flexibility, continuity, and efficiency in doubly fed variable-speed pumped storage by optimizing dynamic power paths and enabling multi-objective control coordination. While eigenvalue analysis is not new, this study is the first to apply it with participation factors to DFIG-VSPS, addressing gaps in prior simplified models. Furthermore, based on the changes in the characteristic root trajectories, the influence of changes in the speed control system parameters and converter controller parameters on the system stability was determined. Finally, the conclusions obtained were verified through simulation. The results indicate that increasing the time constant of water flow inertia poses a risk of system instability, and the increase in proportional parameters and decrease in integral parameters of the power outer loop controller significantly affect the system stability.

Keywords: variable-speed pumped storage; small-disturbance stability; eigenvalue; participation factor (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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