Investigation of Frequency Response Sharing-Induced Power Oscillations in VSC-HVDC Systems for Asynchronous Interconnection

Ke Wang, Chunguang Zhou, Yiping Chen, Yan Guo, Zhantao Fan and Zhixuan Li ()
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Ke Wang: Dispatching and Control Center of China Southern Power Grid, Guangzhou 510663, China
Chunguang Zhou: School of Electric Power Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China
Yiping Chen: Dispatching and Control Center of China Southern Power Grid, Guangzhou 510663, China
Yan Guo: Dispatching and Control Center of China Southern Power Grid, Guangzhou 510663, China
Zhantao Fan: Dispatching and Control Center of China Southern Power Grid, Guangzhou 510663, China
Zhixuan Li: School of Electric Power Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510641, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 11, 1-23

Abstract: Low-frequency power oscillations (LFPOs) may occur in voltage source converter-based high-voltage direct current (VSC-HVDC) systems when providing frequency support to asynchronously interconnected power grids. This phenomenon has been observed in the LUXI back-to-back (BTB) VSC-HVDC project in China and results from insufficient damping, which may threaten the stability of the overall power system. To better understand and address this problem, this study investigates the root causes of LFPOs and evaluates how different parts of the system affect damping. A combined approach using small-signal modeling and the damping torque method is developed to analyze the damping behavior of DC power in VSC-HVDC systems. Results show that LFPOs are caused by the interaction between VSC-based frequency control and the dynamic response of synchronous generators (SGs). The turbine and governor systems in SGs help stabilize the system by providing positive damping, whereas the DC voltage-controlled VSC station introduces negative damping. The findings are supported by detailed simulations using a modified IEEE 39-bus test system, demonstrating the effectiveness of the proposed analysis method.

Keywords: asynchronously interconnected systems; VSC-HVDC; frequency control; low-frequency power oscillation; damping analysis (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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