Numerical Investigation and Optimization of Transpiration Cooling Plate Structures with Combined Particle Diameter

Dan Wang (), Yaxin Liu, Xiang Zhang, Mingliang Kong and Hanchao Liu
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Dan Wang: School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
Yaxin Liu: School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
Xiang Zhang: School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
Mingliang Kong: School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China
Hanchao Liu: School of Mechanical and Power Engineering, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 11, 1-20

Abstract: Transpiration cooling is an efficient thermal protection technology used for scramjet combustors and other components. However, a conventional transpiration cooling plate structure with uniform porous media distribution suffers from a large temperature difference between the upstream and downstream surfaces and high coolant injection pressure ( p ). To enhance the overall cooling effect and reduce the maximum surface temperature and coolant injection pressure, the combined particle diameter plate structure (CPD−PS) is proposed. Numerical simulations show that compared with the single-particle diameter plate structure (SPD−PS), the CPD−PS with a larger upstream particle diameter ( d p ) than that of the downstream ( d p A > d p B ) can effectively reduce the upstream temperature and improve average cooling efficiency ( η ave ). Meanwhile, gradually increasing d p will increase the permeability of porous media, reduce coolant flow resistance, and thus lower coolant injection pressure. An optimization analysis of CPD−PS is conducted using response surface methodology (RSM), and the influence of design variables on the objective function ( η ave and p ) is analyzed. Further optimization with the multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) determines the optimal structural parameters. The results suggest that porosity ( ε ) and d p are the most crucial parameters affecting η ave and p of CPD−PS. After optimization, the maximum temperature of the porous plate is significantly reduced by 8.40%, and the average temperature of the hot end surface is also reduced. The overall cooling performance is effectively improved, η ave is increased by 6.02%, and p is significantly reduced. Additionally, the upstream surface velocity of the optimized structure changes and the boundary layer thickens, which enhances the thermal insulation effect.

Keywords: porous plate; transpiration cooling; particle diameter; injection pressure; cooling performance (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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