A Comprehensive Analysis of Integrating Blockchain Technology into the Energy Supply Chain for the Enhancement of Transparency and Sustainability

Narendra Gariya, Anjas Asrani, Adhirath Mandal, Amir Shaikh and Dowan Cha ()
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Narendra Gariya: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India
Anjas Asrani: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India
Adhirath Mandal: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India
Amir Shaikh: Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graphic Era Deemed to be University, Dehradun 248002, Uttarakhand, India
Dowan Cha: Department of Defense AI/Robotics, Korea National Defense University, Nonsan 34334, Republic of Korea

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 11, 1-24

Abstract: The energy sector underwent a significant transformation with increasing demand for efficiency, transparency, and sustainability. The traditional or conventional system often faces several challenges, such as inefficient energy trading, a lack of transparency in renewable energy generation verification, and complex regulatory guidelines that affect its widespread adoption. Thus, blockchain technology has emerged as a potential solution to overcome these challenges, as it is known for its transparent, secure, and decentralized nature. However, despite the promising application of blockchain, its integration into the energy supply chain (ESC) is underexplored. The purpose of this research is to analyze the potential applications of blockchain technology in ESC in order to enhance efficiency, transparency, and sustainability in energy systems. The aim is to investigate the integration of blockchain with emerging technologies (such as IoTs, smart contracts, and P2P energy trading) in order to optimize energy production, distribution, and consumption. Furthermore, by comparing different blockchain platforms (like Ethereum, Solana, Hedera, and Hyperledger Fabric), this study discusses the security and scalability challenges of using blockchain in energy systems. It also examines the practical use cases of blockchain for the tokenization of RECs, dynamic energy pricing, and P2P energy trading by providing the Energy Web Foundation and Power Ledger as real-world examples. The article concludes that blockchain technology has the potential to transform ESC by enabling decentralized energy trading, which subsequently enhances transparency in energy transactions and the verification of renewable energy generation. It also identifies smart contracts and tokenization of energy assets as key parameters for dynamic pricing models and efficient trading mechanisms. However, regulatory and scalability challenges remain significant obstacles to its widespread adoption. Finally, this study provides the basis for future advancement in the adoption of blockchain technology in ESC, which offers a valuable resource for industry professionals, regulating authorities, and researchers.

Keywords: blockchain; energy supply chain; transparency; sustainability; environmental impact; smart contracts (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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