Modular-Multi-Port-Converter-Based Battery Energy Storage System with Integrated Battery Management Functions

Bortecene Yildirim (), Mohammed A. Elgendy, Andrew Smith, Mehmet C. Kulan and Bahadir Akbal
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Bortecene Yildirim: School of Engineering, Merz Court, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
Mohammed A. Elgendy: School of Engineering, Merz Court, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
Andrew Smith: School of Engineering, Merz Court, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
Mehmet C. Kulan: School of Engineering, Merz Court, Newcastle University, Newcastle Upon Tyne NE1 7RU, UK
Bahadir Akbal: Electric Electronic Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Aksaray University, Aksaray 68100, Turkey

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 12, 1-19

Abstract: Modular converters offer an effective solution for battery energy storage systems (BESSs) by lowering battery pack voltage levels and enabling additional functionalities, such as state of charge (SoC) and state of health (SoH) balancing, temperature regulation, and improved system reliability. However, conventional modular designs often require numerous additional components, including passive elements, switches, and sensing circuits. This paper proposes a modular multi-port converter (MMPC) BESS that combines energy conversion and battery management functions, leveraging the benefits of both modular and multi-port architectures. The proposed system demonstrates promising scalability and adaptability within the tested voltage and power ranges, with potential for extension to higher voltage and power applications through modular expansion. It also introduces an additional control layer, enhancing flexibility for control optimization and cost-effectiveness while improving reliability by reducing dependency on bypass switches. A prototype utilizing three dual-port converters managing six battery packs was developed. The experimental results confirm that the MMPC-based BESS achieves energy conversion and effectively balances the SoC among battery packs during both charging and discharging, under initial SoC mismatches.

Keywords: modular converters; battery energy storage systems; battery cell balancing; battery management systems; reliability (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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