Hybrid Energy Storage Black Start Control Strategy Based on Super Capacitor

Dengfeng Yao, Zhezhi Chen, Yihua Zhang, Xuelin He, Yiyuan Zhang, Tengqing Xiong and Jingyuan Yin ()
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Dengfeng Yao: China Yangtze Power Co., Ltd. Wudongde Hydropower Plant, Luquan County, Kunming 651512, China
Zhezhi Chen: China Yangtze Power Co., Ltd. Wudongde Hydropower Plant, Luquan County, Kunming 651512, China
Yihua Zhang: China Yangtze Power Co., Ltd. Wudongde Hydropower Plant, Luquan County, Kunming 651512, China
Xuelin He: China Yangtze Power Co., Ltd. Wudongde Hydropower Plant, Luquan County, Kunming 651512, China
Yiyuan Zhang: China Yangtze Power Co., Ltd. Wudongde Hydropower Plant, Luquan County, Kunming 651512, China
Tengqing Xiong: China Yangtze Power Co., Ltd. Wudongde Hydropower Plant, Luquan County, Kunming 651512, China
Jingyuan Yin: Key Laboratory of High Density Electromagnetic Power and Systems (Chinese Academy of Sciences), Institute of Electrical Engineering, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Haidian District, Beijing 100190, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 12, 1-25

Abstract: Addressing the issue of efficient, economical, and reliable operation of a single lead-acid battery (LAB) black start system in complex scenarios, a hybrid energy storage system (HESS) black start scheme based on super capacitors (SCs) is proposed. The proposed solution mainly includes two aspects: an integrated structure and a control strategy. A topology structure with a direct parallel output on the AC side is adopted, and the SC is directly connected to the AC side of the LAB in the current source mode. Compared with traditional DC side access schemes, it can cope with large surge currents by a small capacity, and the economy of the HESS black start system has been effectively improved. In order to improve the dynamic characteristics of the black start control system, a self-adaptive control strategy based on the virtual synchronous generator (VSG) and model predictive control (MPC) is proposed. Based on the small signal disturbance model, the influence of the system parameters on stability was analyzed, and the control parameters are adjusted according to the angular velocity and frequency deviation. A generator recognition model at the ms level was constructed, and the set reference current according to the power level is brought into the MPC to track the reference current. Compared with existing methods, it can effectively suppress the disturbance of the black start system, and the fast responsiveness and stability of the control system is improved. Finally, real operational data is compared and analyzed. The results indicate that the proposed control strategy can accurately identify different black start scenarios, with lower configuration costs and good dynamic performance.

Keywords: black start; SC; HESS; VSG; MPC (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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