Co-Optimization of Market and Grid Stability in High-Penetration Renewable Distribution Systems with Multi-Agent

Dongli Jia (), Zhaoying Ren and Keyan Liu
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Dongli Jia: China Electric Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
Zhaoying Ren: China Electric Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
Keyan Liu: China Electric Power Research Institute Co., Ltd., Beijing 100192, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 12, 1-23

Abstract: The large-scale integration of renewable energy and electric vehicles(EVs) into power distribution systems presents complex operational challenges, particularly in coordinating market mechanisms with grid stability requirements. This study proposes a new dispatching method based on dynamic electricity prices to coordinate the relationship between the market and the physical characteristics of the power grid. The proposed approach introduces a multi-agent transaction model incorporating voltage regulation metrics and network loss considerations into market bidding mechanisms. For EV integration, a differentiated scheduling strategy categorizes vehicles based on usage patterns and charging elasticity. The methodological innovations primarily include an enhanced scheduling algorithm for coordinated optimization of renewable energy and energy storage, and a dynamic coordinated optimization method for EV clusters. Implemented on a modified IEEE test system, the framework demonstrates improved voltage stability through price-guided energy storage dispatch, with coordinated strategies effectively balancing peak demand management and renewable energy utilization. Case studies verify the system’s capability to align economic incentives with technical objectives, where time-of-use pricing dynamically regulates storage operations to enhance reactive power support during critical periods. This research establishes a theoretical linkage between electricity market dynamics and grid security constraints, providing system operators with a holistic tool for managing high-renewable penetration networks. By bridging market participation with operational resilience, this work contributes actionable insights for developing interoperable electricity market architectures in energy transition scenarios.

Keywords: photovoltaics (PVs); wind turbines (WTs); electric vehicles (EVs); reactive power optimization; electricity market; time-of-use price; multi-objective particle swarm optimization (MOPSO) (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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