Hierarchical Charging Scheduling Strategy for Electric Vehicles Based on NSGA-II

Yikang Chen, Zhicheng Bao, Yihang Tan, Jiayang Wang, Yang Liu, Haixiang Sang and Xinmei Yuan ()
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Yikang Chen: College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
Zhicheng Bao: College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
Yihang Tan: College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
Jiayang Wang: College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
Yang Liu: College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
Haixiang Sang: College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China
Xinmei Yuan: College of Automotive Engineering, Jilin University, Changchun 130025, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 13, 1-18

Abstract: Electric vehicles (EVs) are gradually gaining high penetration in transportation due to their low carbon emissions and high power conversion efficiency. However, the large-scale charging demand poses significant challenges to grid stability, particularly the risk of transformer overload caused by random charging. It is necessary that a coordinated charging strategy be carried out to alleviate this challenge. We propose a hierarchical charging scheduling framework to optimize EV charging consisting of demand prediction and hierarchical scheduling. Fuzzy reasoning is introduced to predict EV charging demand, better modeling the relationship between travel distance and charging demand. A hierarchical model was developed based on NSGA-II, where the upper layer generates Pareto-optimal power allocations and then the lower layer dispatches individual vehicles under these allocations. A simulation under this strategy was conducted in a residential scenario. The results revealed that the coordinated strategy reduced the user costs by 21% and the grid load variance by 64% compared with uncoordinated charging. Additionally, the Pareto front could serve as a decision-making tool for balancing user economic interest and grid stability objectives.

Keywords: charging schedule; hierarchical model; electric vehicles (EVs); NSGA-II; pareto front (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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