Enhanced MMC-HVDC Power Control via Adaptive VSG-PBC in Weak Grid Environments

Yan Xia, Huizhu Li (), Shengyong Ye, Jinhui Shi, Yili Yang and Ke Li
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Yan Xia: School of Automation and Information Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin 644000, China
Huizhu Li: School of Automation and Information Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin 644000, China
Shengyong Ye: State Grid Sichuan Economic Research Institute, Chengdu 610041, China
Jinhui Shi: School of Automation and Information Engineering, Sichuan University of Science & Engineering, Yibin 644000, China
Yili Yang: Zonergy Co., Ltd., Zigong 643000, China
Ke Li: Hydrogen Energy and Multi-Energy Complementary Microgrid Engineering Technology Research Center of Sichuan Province, Mianyang 621000, China

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 13, 1-21

Abstract: This paper addresses the challenge of poor dynamic performance in Modular Multilevel Converter-based High-Voltage Direct Current (MMC-HVDC) systems within weak power grids when conventional control strategies are applied. To enhance system performance, a novel grid-connected power control method integrating Virtual Synchronous Generators (VSGs) and Passivity-Based Control (PBC) is proposed. The passivity characteristics of the MMC and the roles of virtual inertia and damping in VSG control are thoroughly examined. Based on the passivity property of the MMC, PBC is implemented in the current inner loop, while VSG control, leveraging its unique working characteristics, is incorporated into the power outer loop. To further optimize performance, adaptive virtual inertia and damping compensation mechanisms, utilizing sigmoid functions, are introduced within the VSG framework. The synergistic operation of PBC and adaptive VSGs significantly improves the dynamic response and robustness of the MMC-HVDC system. The effectiveness and feasibility of the proposed method are validated through simulation experiments in MATLAB/Simulink, conducted under power variations, grid voltage variations, and load changes.

Keywords: modular multilevel converter; passivity-based control; virtual synchronous generator (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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