Safety Concerns for Ammonia as a Green Energy Vector and the Role of Spray Curtains for Its Accidental Release Mitigation

Bruno Fabiano, Margherita Pettinato, Fabio Currò and Andrea P. Reverberi ()
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Bruno Fabiano: DICCA-Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Genoa University, Via Opera Pia 15, 16145 Genoa, Italy
Margherita Pettinato: DICCA-Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Genoa University, Via Opera Pia 15, 16145 Genoa, Italy
Fabio Currò: DICCA-Department of Civil, Chemical and Environmental Engineering, Genoa University, Via Opera Pia 15, 16145 Genoa, Italy
Andrea P. Reverberi: DCCI-Department of Chemistry and Industrial Chemistry, Genoa University, Via Dodecaneso 31, 16146 Genoa, Italy

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 13, 1-18

Abstract: The mitigation and reduction of carbon footprint is nowadays one of the most pressing challenges covering the most diverse fields of civil activity and industrial production, to meet the climate neutrality targets of the Paris protocol by 2050. However, the intermittency of renewable sources necessitates diverse technical solutions for energy storage. An attractive peculiarity of NH 3 as an energy vector stems in its double possibility of being used both as a source of H 2 and directly as a green fuel. Intriguingly, an aspect common to most scientific publications on the subject is the limited attention to safety and risk problems connected with the use of NH 3 . This paper intended to fill a gap pertaining to the emerging risks associated with the use of ammonia as an energy vector and to provide experimental and theoretical investigations on liquid spray curtains as an effective mitigation technique for accidental releases of ammonia in air.

Keywords: accident investigation; ammonia; energy transition; new energy carriers; port storage areas; reacting spray curtains; toxic release (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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