Energy Efficiency Assessment of the Electrodialysis Process in Desalinating Rest Area Water Runoff

Małgorzata Iwanek (), Paweł Suchorab, Jacek Czerwiński, Dariusz Kowalski, Ewa Hołota, Beata Kowalska, Daniel Słyś, Agnieszka Stec, Izabela Anna Tałałaj and Paweł Biedka
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Małgorzata Iwanek: Department of Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 40B, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
Paweł Suchorab: Department of Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 40B, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
Jacek Czerwiński: Department of Environmental Protection Engineering, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 40B, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
Dariusz Kowalski: Department of Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 40B, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
Ewa Hołota: Department of Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 40B, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
Beata Kowalska: Department of Water Supply and Wastewater Disposal, Faculty of Environmental Engineering and Energy, Lublin University of Technology, Nadbystrzycka 40B, 20-618 Lublin, Poland
Daniel Słyś: Department of Infrastructure and Water Management, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture, Rzeszow University of Technology, Al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
Agnieszka Stec: Department of Infrastructure and Water Management, Faculty of Civil and Environmental Engineering and Architecture, Rzeszow University of Technology, Al. Powstańców Warszawy 6, 35-959 Rzeszow, Poland
Izabela Anna Tałałaj: Department of Water Supply and Sewage Systems, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45 E Street, 15-351 Białystok, Poland
Paweł Biedka: Department of Water Supply and Sewage Systems, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Environmental Sciences, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45 E Street, 15-351 Białystok, Poland

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 13, 1-21

Abstract: The efficient use of energy is a sign of conscious environmental responsibility. Sustainable management also refers to water resources, where emphasis is placed on the possibility of retaining rainwater at the point of the precipitation occurrence. This article focused on the reuse of runoff from a rest area (RA) along the expressway, wherever drinking water quality is not required. The runoff from RAs can be significantly contaminated due to the traffic-related issues. The objective of this article was to evaluate the energy efficiency of preliminary treatment of raw meltwater from a selected rest area using electrodialysis for Cl − and Na + removal. The treatment was carried out under various conditions, including different solution temperatures (20 °C and 30 °C) and electric voltages (10 V, 20 V, 30 V). The energy efficiency assessment was preceded by a characterization of runoff quality and the analysis of pollutant removal efficiency in the electrodialysis process. The most energy-efficient variant was characterized with the 0.097 Wh/(mg/L) energy expenditure ratio and 93% efficiency removal for Cl − and 0.147 Wh/(mg/L) and 90% for Na + . In this variant, the permissible Cl − and Na + concentrations limits were achieved after 27 min with an energy consumption of 57 Wh. In general, the observed highest energy efficiency occurred at the beginning of the electrodialysis process and decreased over time.

Keywords: energy efficiency; pretreatment; runoff quality; rest area; electrodialysis; EDR (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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