A Methodological Framework for Studying the Tilt Angle of Solar Photovoltaic Panels

Vitālijs Osadčuks (), Dainis Berjoza (), Jānis Lāceklis-Bertmanis and Ināra Jurgena
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Vitālijs Osadčuks: Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Čakstes blvd. 5, LV-3001 Jelgava, Latvia
Dainis Berjoza: Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Čakstes blvd. 5, LV-3001 Jelgava, Latvia
Jānis Lāceklis-Bertmanis: Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Čakstes blvd. 5, LV-3001 Jelgava, Latvia
Ināra Jurgena: Faculty of Engineering and Information Technologies, Latvia University of Life Sciences and Technologies, Čakstes blvd. 5, LV-3001 Jelgava, Latvia

Energies, 2025, vol. 18, issue 13, 1-17

Abstract: With the development of alternative energy technologies, energy production from renewable sources is gaining wide application. One of the types of renewable energy sources is solar power. In the past 5 years, solar cells have become very popular for both private electricity microgeneration and large power plants. There are two main options for installing solar photovoltaic panels: on the roof of a house or the ground; on specially made frames. When installing solar cells on the roof, it is not always possible to choose a tilt angle that is appropriate for all seasons, since the angle is mainly adjusted to the plane of the roof. When installing solar cells on the ground, it is usually possible to choose both the orientation relative to the cardinal points and the tilt angle relative to the ground. There are various theories about the best tilt angle of solar cells for producing the most amount of energy during the year. Therefore, the aim of the present research study is to develop an original research methodology for determining an optimal tilt angle for solar cells. The research study examined six different tilt angles of solar cells, 0°, 30°, 35° 40° 45° and 50°, orienting the cells towards the south. The research study used 18 identical monocrystalline solar panels with a power of 20 W. Three solar panels were set at each angle. This way, the experiment had three replications at each angle of the solar cells. The measurements were recorded by a GWL840 data logger with an interval of 10 s. The experiment was conducted by placing all solar cell modules on the roof of the building at Lat. 56.66181° and Long. 23.75238°. During the experimental period, the highest efficiency was found for the solar panels set at 50° and 40°, reaching the total solar irradiation of 266.61 Wm −2 and 266.27 Wm −2 , respectively.

Keywords: photovoltaic; angle of installation; optimal angle; efficiency; experimental evaluation (search for similar items in EconPapers)
JEL-codes: Q Q0 Q4 Q40 Q41 Q42 Q43 Q47 Q48 Q49 (search for similar items in EconPapers)
Date: 2025
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